GeForce. RTX 2060 SUPER. DUAL. The GeForce ® RTX 2060 SUPER ™ is powered by the award-winning NVIDIA Turing™ architecture, bringing superfast all-around performance and graphics to every gamer and creator. It’s time to gear up and get super powers. Jan 20, 2014 · Summary: 1.DDR3 is a type of RAM used for system memory while GDDR3 is a type of RAM used for graphics cards. 2.GDDR3 memory is much faster than DDR3 memory. 3.GDDR3 memory is more expensive than DDR3 memory. 4.GDDR3 memory addresses can be read and written at once while DDR3 memory addresses cannot. GeForce. RTX 2060 SUPER. DUAL. The GeForce ® RTX 2060 SUPER ™ is powered by the award-winning NVIDIA Turing™ architecture, bringing superfast all-around performance and graphics to every gamer and creator. It’s time to gear up and get super powers. Aug 1, 2023 · As of PHP 7.4.0, --with-gd becomes --enable-gd (whether to enable the extension at all) and --with-external-gd (to opt into using an external libgd, rather than the bundled one). In Windows, you'll include the GD DLL php_gd.dll as an extension in php.ini. Prior to PHP 8.0.0, the DLL was named php_gd2.dll. Screen resolution: WQHD (2560x1440), recommended: UHD (3840x2160) Power: 750+ Watt. Minimum hardware configuration to run exocad DentalCAD. CPU: Quad-Core and 2.8 Ghz. Note: AMD Ryzen ZEN2 CPUs e.g. AMD Ryzen 7 3700X or 3900X are supported starting with 2.3 Matera version (EngineBuild 7174 or newer), released by exocad in August/September 2019.Unit 101-102 G/F E-Square Bldg., 416 Ortigas Ave., Greenhills, San Juan City, Metro Manila, Philippines 1503GDDR memory or Graphics DDR stands for Graphics Double Data Rate memory. GDDR is RAM specially built for Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) and mounted on PCI slots. It’s designed for use in high-performance graphics cards, game consoles, and computation. Very much like DDR, generations of GDDR follow a similar numbering format: GDDR, GDDR2 ...Get the best deal for Unbranded USB 3.0 Connectivity SSD (Solid State Drive) PC Desktops & All-In-One Computers from the largest online selection at eBay.ph. Browse our daily deals for even more savings! Free shipping on many items! Feb 9, 2017 · GDDR5X (S G RAM D ouble D ata R ate T ype 5X) is a new version of GDDR5, which has the same low- and high-speed modes at which GDDR5 operates, but also an additional third tier of even higher speed with reportedly twice the data rate of high-speed GDDR5. Here is a per-package (one chip of GDDR5X vs. one chip of GDDR5) comparison: [ii] Memory Array Prefetch and Access Granularity GDDR5, GDDR5X and GDDR6 devices provide a 32-bit wide data interface to the mem-ory controller; however, there are major differences in the internal architecture. GDDR4 SDRAM, an abbreviation for Graphics Double Data Rate 4 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory, is a type of graphics card memory (SGRAM) specified by the JEDEC Semiconductor Memory Standard. [1] [2] It is a rival medium to Rambus's XDR DRAM. GDDR4 is based on DDR3 SDRAM technology and was intended to replace the DDR2 -based GDDR3, but ...From personal computer hardware to business server solutions, renowned for quality and innovation, GIGABYTE is the very choice for PC users and business par... 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 <?php /****************************************************************************** Online PHP Interpreter. Code, Compile, Run and Debug php program online. Write your code in this editor and press "Run" button to execute it. *******************************************************************************/DDR4 is the most popular standard in this category, offering several performance advantages over its predecessors – DDR3 and DDR3L (a low-power version of DDR3): Higher data rate, up to 3200Mbps, as compared to DDR3 operating up to 2133Mbps. Lower operating voltage (1.2V, as compared to 1.5V in DDR3 and 1.35V in DDR3L)From personal computer hardware to business server solutions, renowned for quality and innovation, GIGABYTE is the very choice for PC users and business par... Aug 1, 2023 · The functions below can convert IP addresses to its integer decimal value and vice-versa. function ip2dec ($ipaddr) {. $base=explode (".",$ipaddr); $decimal= (double) $base [0]*16777216; $decimal+=$base [1]*65536; $decimal+=$base [2]*256; $decimal+=$base [3]; if ($decimal>2147483647) {. $decimal-=4294967296; Apr 3, 2019 · The most common choice for main memory is dual data-rate synchronous dynamic random-access memory (DDR SDRAM or DRAM for short), because it is dense, has low latency and high performance, offers almost infinite access endurance, and draws little low power. The Joint Electron Device Engineering Council (JEDEC) has defined several categories of ... Product Details 14" WUXGA (1920 x 1200) 165Hz, ComfyView IPS Technology Intel 12th Generation Alder Lake i7-12700H NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060 6GB GDDR6 16GB LPDDR5 512GB SSD Windows 11 Home Backlit keyboard Included Acer Predator SleeveThis page compares GDDR vs HBM and mentions difference between GDDR and HBM. Example of GDDR6 and HBM2 has been taken to differentiate both the memory types. Introduction: These memories are found in high performance graphics cards. GDDR stands for Graphics Double Data Rate Memory and HBM stands for High Bandwidth Memory. Jan 24, 2018 · Beachy Keen. Soak up some rays and enjoy a day at the beach-slot. If you enjoy the social aspect of playing slots in a casino. So, it is definitely worth taking a few minutes to set up your character (this is actually great fun!) and get her/him looking exactly how you like. 3. Compare Graphics Cards: ASUS GeForce RTX 2080 8G GDDR6 Dual-Fan Edition vs EVGA GeForce RTX 2080 Ti XC ULTRA GAMING. around 14% lower thermal design power, 6...Unit 101-102 G/F E-Square Bldg., 416 Ortigas Ave., Greenhills, San Juan City, Metro Manila, Philippines 1503The GDDR5 version has higher base (1485 MHz vs 1410 MHz) and higher boost (1665 MHz vs 1590 MHz) clock speeds. On the other hand the GDDR6 version has a higher effective memory clock speed (12,000 MHz vs 8,000 MHz), and a higher memory bandwidth (192 GB/s vs 128 GB/s), despite having the same memory bus width of 128 bits.GDDR, which is short for graphics double data rate, is a type of memory tailored for use with video cards. While it shares design similarities with the DDR SDRAM used as system memory, it is important to note that GDDR has several distinctions that make its performance much faster. These differences, and the several versions of GDDR, are listed ...Feb 25, 2021 · The Nvidia RTX 3090 is a powerful graphics card, however, it also has a major thermals problem that causes the VRAM (Video Memory) to overheat and then throt... The Ultimate Play. The GeForce RTX® 3060 Ti and RTX 3060 let you take on the latest games using the power of Ampere—NVIDIA’s 2nd generation RTX architecture. Get incredible performance with dedicated 2nd gen RT Cores and 3rd gen Tensor Cores, streaming multiprocessors, and high-speed G6 memory. See All Buying Options.Concerning energy usage, its 1.3 V power demand is an improvement compared to GDDR5’s 1.5 V. As previously mentioned, and as its name suggests, GDDR5X is inferior to GDDR6. Although you can still find really good graphics cards with GDDR5X, it might be best to opt for GDDR6 or even HBM2.Mar 5, 2017 · Moreover, GDDR can handle input and output on the same clock cycle, unlike DDR. In addition, GDDR5 operates at a lower voltage than DDR4 at around ~1V, meaning less heat waste and higher ... The price of r/CryptoCurrency Moons (MOON) is $0.333030 today with a 24-hour trading volume of $517,185.14. This represents a -0.49% price decline in the last 24 hours and a 0.41% price increase in the past 7 days. With a circulating supply of 110 Million MOON, r/CryptoCurrency Moons is valued at a market cap of $35,558,371 . Description ¶ readdir (?resource $dir_handle = null ): string|false Returns the name of the next entry in the directory. The entries are returned in the order in which they are stored by the filesystem. Parameters ¶ dir_handle The directory handle resource previously opened with opendir ().DDR4 is the most popular standard in this category, offering several performance advantages over its predecessors – DDR3 and DDR3L (a low-power version of DDR3): Higher data rate, up to 3200Mbps, as compared to DDR3 operating up to 2133Mbps. Lower operating voltage (1.2V, as compared to 1.5V in DDR3 and 1.35V in DDR3L) Memory Array Prefetch and Access Granularity GDDR5, GDDR5X and GDDR6 devices provide a 32-bit wide data interface to the mem-ory controller; however, there are major differences in the internal architecture.Alternatively a suitable upgrade choice for the Radeon HD 7770 1GB GDDR5 is the R-500 Series Radeon RX Vega 8, which is 46% more powerful and can run 0 of the 1000 most demanding PC games beating ... Explain the technical characteristics of GDDR and LPDDR memory, compare their similarities and differences with DDR memory, and their application in different devices. The new features of GDDR6 and the low power consumption advantage of LPDDR.DDR4 is the most popular standard in this category, offering several performance advantages over its predecessors – DDR3 and DDR3L (a low-power version of DDR3): Higher data rate, up to 3200Mbps, as compared to DDR3 operating up to 2133Mbps. Lower operating voltage (1.2V, as compared to 1.5V in DDR3 and 1.35V in DDR3L)San Francisco ( / ˌsæn frənˈsɪskoʊ / SAN frən-SISS-koh; Spanish for ' Saint Francis '), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California.Jul 19, 2023 · Samsung's first 16Gb GDDR7 device features a data transfer rate of 32 GT/s and therefore boasts a bandwidth of 128 GB/s, up significantly from 89.6 GB/s per chip provided by GDDR6X at 22.4 GT/s ... Product Details 14" WUXGA (1920 x 1200) 165Hz, ComfyView IPS Technology Intel 12th Generation Alder Lake i7-12700H NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060 6GB GDDR6 16GB LPDDR5 512GB SSD Windows 11 Home Backlit keyboard Included Acer Predator Sleeve The Rambus GDDR6 PHY and GDDR6 controller used together comprise a complete GDDR6 memory interface subsystem. Alternatively, these cores can be licensed separately to be paired with 3rd-party GDDR6 controller or PHY solutions. Created to support 3D gaming on consoles and PCs, GDDR packs performance that makes it an ideal solution for AI/ML ...Get the best deal for NVIDIA GDDR 3 Computer Graphics Cards for PCI Express 1.0 x1 from the largest online selection at eBay.ph. Browse our daily deals for even more savings! Free shipping on many items! There are two things to consider while answering this basic interview question and answer. First, avoid numerical to rate, as it can lead to a double sided trouble for you. Second, avoid negative answers and just praise the interviewer on his/her methodology. Here's a sample answer to this HR interview question.Sep 9, 2021 · HBM (High Bandwidth Memory) is a new type of CPU/GPU memory chip (ie "RAM"). In fact, many DDR chips are stacked together and packaged with the GPU to achieve a large-capacity, high-bit-width DDR combination array. The middle die is GPU/CPU, and the 4 small dies on the left and right sides are the stack of DDR particles. GDDR is the abbreviation for Graphics Double Data Rate, which is also the double data rate memory for display, used in graphics cards. It is used as the memory for the graphics card. It runs faster than DDR to display video and pictures more smoothly. DDR is a kind of DRAM, the standard for memory particles, while GDDR is the standard for ...Detailed info about NVIDIA Quadro P620 (4GB GDDR5) - specs, benchmark tests, pricing, and comparisons with other GPUs. Now the company has completed the design of the next gen in graphics RAM dubbed GDD7. This one goes up to 32Gbps per pin for a total of 1.5 Terabytes per second, 40% faster than the 1.1 Terabytes ...DDR2 SDRAM. Double Data Rate 2 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory ( DDR2 SDRAM) is a double data rate (DDR) synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) interface. It is a JEDEC standard (JESD79-2); first published in September 2003. [2] DDR2 succeeded the original DDR SDRAM specification, and was itself succeeded by DDR3 SDRAM in 2007. GeForce. RTX 2060 SUPER. DUAL. The GeForce ® RTX 2060 SUPER ™ is powered by the award-winning NVIDIA Turing™ architecture, bringing superfast all-around performance and graphics to every gamer and creator. It’s time to gear up and get super powers. The user friendly PHP online compiler that allows you to Write PHP code and run it online. The PHP text editor also supports taking input from the user and standard libraries.GDDR6 SDRAM. Graphics Double Data Rate 6 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory ( GDDR6 SDRAM) is a type of synchronous graphics random-access memory (SGRAM) with a high bandwidth, "double data rate" interface, designed for use in graphics cards, game consoles, and high-performance computing. It is a type of GDDR SDRAM (graphics DDR SDRAM ...Graphics DDR SDRAM ( GDDR SDRAM) is a type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) specifically designed for applications requiring high bandwidth, [1] e.g. graphics processing units (GPUs). GDDR SDRAM is distinct from the more widely known types of DDR SDRAM, such as DDR4 and DDR5, although they share some of the same features ...As of PHP 7.4.0, --with-gd becomes --enable-gd (whether to enable the extension at all) and --with-external-gd (to opt into using an external libgd, rather than the bundled one). In Windows, you'll include the GD DLL php_gd.dll as an extension in php.ini. Prior to PHP 8.0.0, the DLL was named php_gd2.dll.The price of r/CryptoCurrency Moons (MOON) is $0.333030 today with a 24-hour trading volume of $517,185.14. This represents a -0.49% price decline in the last 24 hours and a 0.41% price increase in the past 7 days. With a circulating supply of 110 Million MOON, r/CryptoCurrency Moons is valued at a market cap of $35,558,371 .It is successor to GDDR5 and GDDR5X. It is built on 10nm technology. It is manufactured by Samsung, Hynix and Micron. This memory is used for various applications such as gaming, VR (virtual Reality), AI (Artificial Intelligence), Cryptocurrency mining etc. Following are the features of GDDR6. • Speed : Up to 16 Gbps (or up to 18 GB/s).HBM (High Bandwidth Memory) is a new type of CPU/GPU memory chip (ie "RAM"). In fact, many DDR chips are stacked together and packaged with the GPU to achieve a large-capacity, high-bit-width DDR combination array. The middle die is GPU/CPU, and the 4 small dies on the left and right sides are the stack of DDR particles.Alternatively a suitable upgrade choice for the Radeon HD 7770 1GB GDDR5 is the R-500 Series Radeon RX Vega 8, which is 46% more powerful and can run 0 of the 1000 most demanding PC games beating ...Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection plays an important part in the development of gastric carcinoma. GDDR has been confirmed as a tumor suppressor gene in gastric tumorigenesis. However, the underlying mechanism of GDDR in H. pylori-induced carcinogenesis is not well known. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinicopathological ...Reasons to pick the ASUS Cerberus GeForce GTX 1070 Ti 8GB: 74% cheaper, you can save $2,079.99. Around 16% lower thermal design power.Overall, GDDR is built for much higher bandwidth, thanks to a wider memory bus. GDDR has lower power and heat dispersal requirements compared to DDR, allowing for higher performance modules, with simpler cooling systems. DDR1, DDR2, and DDR3 have a 64 bit bus (or 128 bit in dual channel). GDDR3, comparatively, commonly uses between a 256 bit ...Yojimbo - Thursday, June 29, 2023 - link I believe the article is imprecise. It should read that GDDR6X transmits 2 bits per clock edge and GDDR7 transmits 1.5 bits per clock edge, rather than ...Graphics DDR SDRAM ( GDDR SDRAM) is a type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) specifically designed for applications requiring high bandwidth, [1] e.g. graphics processing units (GPUs). GDDR SDRAM is distinct from the more widely known types of DDR SDRAM, such as DDR4 and DDR5, although they share some of the same features ...HBM은 프로세서의 바로 위로 적층하는 것은 불가능하여 완전한 원칩은 구현할 수 없다. 이를 구현하는 것을 목표로 하는 마이크론 의 HMC (Hybrid Memory Cube)와 비교했을 때 다소 완전하지 않은 모습으로 인해 3D가 아닌 2.5D라고 불리기도 한다. 하지만 HMC는 기술적으로 ...GDDR4 SDRAM, an abbreviation for Graphics Double Data Rate 4 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory, is a type of graphics card memory (SGRAM) specified by the JEDEC Semiconductor Memory Standard. [1] [2] It is a rival medium to Rambus's XDR DRAM. GDDR4 is based on DDR3 SDRAM technology and was intended to replace the DDR2 -based GDDR3, but ...There are two things to consider while answering this basic interview question and answer. First, avoid numerical to rate, as it can lead to a double sided trouble for you. Second, avoid negative answers and just praise the interviewer on his/her methodology. Here's a sample answer to this HR interview question.Compare Graphics Cards: ASUS GeForce RTX 2080 8G GDDR6 Dual-Fan Edition vs EVGA GeForce RTX 2080 Ti XC ULTRA GAMING. around 14% lower thermal design power, 6...Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection plays an important part in the development of gastric carcinoma. GDDR has been confirmed as a tumor suppressor gene in gastric tumorigenesis. However, the underlying mechanism of GDDR in H. pylori-induced carcinogenesis is not well known. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinicopathological ...Jan 24, 2018 · Beachy Keen. Soak up some rays and enjoy a day at the beach-slot. If you enjoy the social aspect of playing slots in a casino. So, it is definitely worth taking a few minutes to set up your character (this is actually great fun!) and get her/him looking exactly how you like. 3. Choosing The Correct High-Bandwidth Memory. New applications require a deep understanding of the tradeoffs for different types of DRAM. The number of options for how to build high-performance chips is growing, but the choices for attached memory have barely budged. To achieve maximum performance in automotive, consumer, and hyperscale computing ...<p>Everyone deserves great gaming. That’s why we created the fast, powerful ZOTAC GeForce® GTX 1050 Ti Mini. Now you can turn your PC into a true gaming rig, powered by NVIDIA Pascal™--the most advanced GPU architecture ever created. It’s loaded with innovative NVIDIA Game Ready technologies that let every gamer experience the latest titles in their full glory in super compact form.</p ...Mar 8, 2023 · Rather than using PAM4, GDDR7 memory is set to use PAM3 encoding for high-speed transmissions. As the name suggests, PAM3 is something that sits between NRZ/PAM2 and PAM4, using three-level pulse ... Up to three products are comparable at the same time. Click Export button to compare more than three products. All product specifications reflect internal test results and are subject to variations by the user's system configurationLearn Faster. Practice is key to mastering coding, and the best way to put your PHP knowledge into practice is by getting practical with code. Use W3Schools Spaces to build, test and deploy code. The code editor lets you write and practice different types of computer languages. HBM (High Bandwidth Memory) is a new type of CPU/GPU memory chip (ie "RAM"). In fact, many DDR chips are stacked together and packaged with the GPU to achieve a large-capacity, high-bit-width DDR combination array. The middle die is GPU/CPU, and the 4 small dies on the left and right sides are the stack of DDR particles.Cause: php tried to connect to the db with undefined variable for db host (localhost/127.0.0.1/... any other ip or domain) but failed to trace the domain. Solution: Make sure the db host is properly defined. GDDR6: Tradeoffs In DRAM. HBM2 Vs. GDDR6: Tradeoffs In DRAM. Experts at the Table, part 1: Choices vary depending upon application, cost and the need for capacity and bandwidth, but the number of options is confusing. Semiconductor Engineering sat down to talk about new DRAM options and considerations with Frank Ferro, senior director of ...Memory Array Prefetch and Access Granularity GDDR5, GDDR5X and GDDR6 devices provide a 32-bit wide data interface to the mem-ory controller; however, there are major differences in the internal architecture. Get the best deal for Unbranded 16 GB RAM PC Desktops & All-In-One Computers from the largest online selection at eBay.ph. Browse our daily deals for even more savings! Free shipping on many items!This page compares GDDR vs HBM and mentions difference between GDDR and HBM. Example of GDDR6 and HBM2 has been taken to differentiate both the memory types. Introduction: These memories are found in high performance graphics cards. GDDR stands for Graphics Double Data Rate Memory and HBM stands for High Bandwidth Memory.GDDR7 is the next generation of GPU RAM that most next-generation graphics cards will likely utilize to enhance their available bandwidth and memory capacity. As modern games have begun to demand ...Mar 30, 2023 · The goal of GDDR5X is to achieve a transmission rate of 10 to 14 Gbit/s per pin, which is twice that of GDDR5. Essentially, it offers the memory controller with the option to use double data rate mode with 8N prefetch or quad data rate mode with 16N prefetch. While GDDR5 only has a double data rate mode with 8N prefetch. GDDR, which is short for graphics double data rate, is a type of memory tailored for use with video cards. While it shares design similarities with the DDR SDRAM used as system memory, it is important to note that GDDR has several distinctions that make its performance much faster. These differences, and the several versions of GDDR, are listed ...Samsung took to its Tech Day 2021 event to showcase its roadmap for future memory technologies, including DDR6-17000, GDDR6+, GDDR7 and HBM3, ushering in new maximum bandwidth speeds.
You’ve come to the right place! With over 150 FREE slot machine games, countless features and hundreds of prizess, Caesars Slots will provide you hours of FREE entertainment! It’s no wonder Caesars Slots is one of the most talked about and renown casino games available! “. Then you'll LOVE Vegas World Casino, the #1 FREE social casino .... Scooter gas powered
The graphics cards with GDDR5 memory have a higher base and boost clock speed whereas GDDR6 chips come with a higher memory clock and bandwidth. So, a higher boost clock speed can really help you in improving your gameplay. For gaming, GDDR5 graphics cards still hold a lot of value. And if it’s about editing videos, streaming, and other ...Faster, more efficient processing. Samsung's GDDR (Graphics Double Data Rate) solutions are optimized to process vast amounts of data, delivering lightning-fast speeds for server applications such as fast-tracking graphics processing. Whether on servers, PCs, or workstations, GDDR can be harnessed for video processing, gaming, and more. This page compares GDDR vs DDR and mentions difference between GDDR and DDR. Both DDR and GDDR are memories used for CPU and GPU respectively. DDR is used as system memory with CPU (i.e. Central Processing Unit) in your PC. GDDR memory is used with GPU (i.e. Graphics Processing Unit) to speed up performance of graphics card.Unit 101-102 G/F E-Square Bldg., 416 Ortigas Ave., Greenhills, San Juan City, Metro Manila, Philippines 1503Learn Vue 3 by in this full course. Vue.js is an open-source model–view–view model front end JavaScript framework for building user interfaces and single-pag...Yojimbo - Thursday, June 29, 2023 - link I believe the article is imprecise. It should read that GDDR6X transmits 2 bits per clock edge and GDDR7 transmits 1.5 bits per clock edge, rather than ...GeForce. RTX 2060 SUPER. DUAL. The GeForce ® RTX 2060 SUPER ™ is powered by the award-winning NVIDIA Turing™ architecture, bringing superfast all-around performance and graphics to every gamer and creator. It’s time to gear up and get super powers. Cause: php tried to connect to the db with undefined variable for db host (localhost/127.0.0.1/... any other ip or domain) but failed to trace the domain. Solution: Make sure the db host is properly defined. Concerning energy usage, its 1.3 V power demand is an improvement compared to GDDR5’s 1.5 V. As previously mentioned, and as its name suggests, GDDR5X is inferior to GDDR6. Although you can still find really good graphics cards with GDDR5X, it might be best to opt for GDDR6 or even HBM2.Up to three products are comparable at the same time. Click Export button to compare more than three products. All product specifications reflect internal test results and are subject to variations by the user's system configurationThe GeForce RTX™ 3060 lets you take on the latest games using the power of Ampere—NVIDIA’s 2nd generation RTX architecture. Get incredible performance with enhanced Ray Tracing Cores and Tensor Cores, new streaming multiprocessors, and high-speed G6 memory. Palit GeForce RTX™ 3060 StormX: The incredibly small package contains the mighty power of a full-sized graphics card. With only ... Get the best deal for Unbranded 16 GB RAM PC Desktops & All-In-One Computers from the largest online selection at eBay.ph. Browse our daily deals for even more savings! Free shipping on many items! Cadence ® Denali ® silicon-proven GDDR6 PHY and controller IP showcase leading-edge BER, BIST, and RAS capabilities. GDDR6 offers significantly more performance than the fastest speed of DDR5 at a moderate cost, making it ideal for high-bandwidth applications. Cadence’s unique, single-vendor GDDR6 IP solution speeds up integration and ....
